TIPS & EQUIVALENTS

• To Sour Milk: Add 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice to 1 cup sweet milk

• 1 teaspoon double acting baking powder will leaven 1 cup of flour

• 1/2 teaspoon soda plus 1 cup sour milk will leaven 1 cup of flour

• To thicken gravy, add 1/2 cup of flour for each quart of liquid

• Ice Cream: 1 quart will provide 8 servings

• Punch: 1 gallon will provide 35 3-ounce servings

• Noodles: 1 cup uncooked equals 2 cups cooked

• Navy Beans: 1 pound dried equals 6 cups cooked

• Cabbage: 1 pound equals 5 cups shredded

• Chicken: 3-1/2 pounds equal 2-1/2 cups sliced

• Mushrooms: 1/2 pound equals 2-1/2 cups sliced

• Potatoes: 1 pound equals 3 medium potatoes, or 2-1/2 cups sliced, or 2 cups mashed

• Spaghetti: 1 pound uncooked equals 7 cups cooked

• Tomatoes: 1 pound equals 3 medium tomatoes, or 1 cup juiced, chopped or pulped

• Graham Crackers: 15 crackers equal 1 cup fine crumbs

• Vanilla Wafers: 22 wafers equal 1 cup fine crumbs

• Zwieback: 6 ounces equal 2 cups fine crumbs

• Bread: 1 slice equals 3/4 cup soft crumbs

• Bread: 1 slice equals 1/3 cup dry crumbs

• Apples: 1 pound equals 3 medium apples, or 2-3/4 cups pared or sliced, or 1-3/4 cups sauce

• Oranges: 1 pound equals 2 medium oranges, or 2 cups sectioned, or 2/3 cup juice

• Bananas: 1 pound equals 3 medium bananas, or 2-1/2 cups sliced

• Lemons: 4 medium lemons equal 3 tablespoons juice, or 3 teaspoons grated peel (or both)

• Carrots: 1 pound equals 4 medium or 6 small carrots, or 3 cups shredded, or 3-1/2 cups grated, or 2-1/2 cups diced

• Peppers: 1 pound equals 5-6 medium peppers, or 3-1/2 cups chopped

• Garlic: 1 clove equals 1/4 teaspoon chopped

• Onions: 1 pound equals 4-5 medium onions, or 2-1/2 cups chopped

• Marshmallows: 1/2 pound equals 4 cups miniature marshmallows

• Rice: 1 cup uncooked equals approximately 2 cups cooked

• Macaroni: 1 cup uncooked equals 2 cups cooked

• Chocolate Substitute: 3 tablespoons of cocoa plus 1 tablespoon of butter may be substituted for 1 square of chocolate

• Cheese: 1 pound equals 4 cups grated

• Shortening: 1 pound equals 2 cups

• Butter: 1 stick equals 1/2 cup

• Flour: 1 pound equals 5-1/3 cups

• Confectioners Sugar: 1 pound equals equals 3-1/2 cups

• Brown Sugar: 1 pound equals 2-2/3 cups

• Sugar: 1 pound equals 2 cups

• Egg Whites: 8-11 equals 1 cup

• Egg Yolks: 12-16 equals 1 cup